Review_Of_Blood_Genetics

Basic Genetics of Traits

 * Remember: All humans have two copies of every gene - one from their mother and one from their father. **

__P____henotype__- the expression of genes (traits) (An example is blood type, detached or attached ear lobe, eye color, intelligence, etc.)
====__Dominant-__ when one copy of a gene "overpowers" the other and is ultimately expressed (For example, in humans, the attached ear lobe gene copy is dominant over the unattached ear lobe gene copy, RR or Rr.) The opposite of __Dominant__ is __Recessive__. This is where there must be two copies of the recessive gene copy in order for the recessive trait to be expressed. (For example, in humans, the unattached ear lobe gene copy is recessive to the attached ear lobe gene copy, rr.)====


 * Figure 1. Dominant/Recessive: Attached vs. Unattached Ear Lobes in Human (Dominant/Recessive)**

====__Co-Dominant-__ when both copies of the gene are expressed (For example, in carnations, the color pink is actually co-dominance where both the gene copies are expressed, Ww. A white carnation would have the genotype, WW. A red carnation would have the genotype, ww)====

Table 1. Blood genotypes and phenotypes (dominant, recessive, and co-dominance)

 * = =====**Genotype (Gene Copies)**===== ||= =====**-Phenotype (Blood Type, the Expression of the Gene Copies)**===== ||
 * = AA ||= Blood Type A (Dominance!) ||
 * = AO ||= Blood Type A (Dominance!) ||
 * = BB ||= Blood Type B (Dominance!) ||
 * = BO ||= Blood Type B (Dominance!) ||
 * = AB ||= Blood Type AB (Co-Dominance!) ||
 * = OO ||= Blood Type O (Recessive!) ||

**Figure 3. Antigens (proteins) and antibodies found in human blood.**
(Used for educational puposes, Genetic Science Learning Center, University of Utah, http://learn.genetics.utah.edu)



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